Butler, Y., Egwuatu, C., Canham, M., & Sawyer, B. D. (2025). Sex Worker Human Digital Twins and Intellectual Property: on Collaborative Futures for Sex Thinkers, Technologists, and Lawyers. Porn Studies, 1-16.

Karwowski, W., Salvendy, G., Endsley, M., Rouse, W., Salmon, P., Stanney, K., Thatcher, A., Andre, T., Yang, J., Ayaz, H., Cakir, A., Duffy, V., Drury, C., Gao, Q., Guo, Y., Hancock, P., Marras, W. S., Rau, P., Sawyer, B., & Stanton, N. (2025). Grand Challenges for Human Factors and Ergonomics. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2024.2431336

Day, S. L., Cirica, J., Clapp, S. R., Penkova, V., Giroux, A. E., Banta, A., Bordeau, C., Mutteneni, P., & Sawyer, B. D. (2025). Evaluating GenAI for Simplifying Texts for Education: Improving Accuracy and Consistency for Enhanced Readability. arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.09158. PDF

Day, S. L., Atilgan, N., Giroux, A. E., & Sawyer, B. D. (2024). The Influence of Format Readability on Children’s Reading Speed and Comprehension. Education Sciences, 14(8), 854. PDF

Beier, S., Berlow, S., Boucaud, E., Bylinskii, Z., Cai, T., Cohn, J., Crowley, K., Day, S., Dingler, T., Dobres, J., Healey, J., Jain, R., Jordan, M., Kerr, B., Li, Q., Miller, D., Nobles, S., Papoutsaki, A., Qian, J., Rezvanian, T., Rodrigo, S., Sawyer, B.D., Sheppard., S., Stein, B., Trietman, R., Vanek, J., Wallace, S., & Wolfe, B. (2022). Readability Research: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Foundations and Trends® in Human–Computer Interaction, 16(4), 214-324. PDF

Wallace, S., Dobres, J., Bylinskii, Z., & Sawyer, B. (2022). Space for Readability: Effects on Reading Speed from Individuated Character and Word Spacing. Journal of Vision, 22(14), 3349-3349. PDF

Saeidi, M., Karwowski, W., Farahani, F.V., Fiok, K., Hancock, P.A., Sawyer, B.D., Christov-Moore, L. and Douglas, P.K., (2022). Decoding Task-Based fMRI Data with Graph Neural Networks, Considering Individual Differences. Brain Sciences, 12(8), 1094. PDF

Wolfe, B., Sawyer, B. D., & Rosenholtz, R. (2022). Toward a Theory of Visual Information Acquisition in Driving. Human Factors, 64(4), 694-713. PDF

Wallace, S., Bylinski, Z., Dobres, J., Kerr, B., Berlow, S. Treitman, R., Kumawat, N., Arpin, K., Miller, D.B., Huang, J., Sawyer, B.D. (2021). Towards Individuated Reading Experiences: Different Fonts Increase Reading Speed for Different Individuals. Transactions of Human Computer Interaction, in press. PDF

Krueger, E., Schneider, A.*, Sawyer, B., Chavaillaz, A., Sonderegger, A., Groner, R., & Hancock, P. (2021). Microsaccades Distinguish Looking from Seeing. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(6). PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Wolfe, B., Dobres, J., Chahine, N., Mehler, B. & Reimer, B .(2020). Glanceable, Legible Typography over Complex Backgrounds. Ergonomics,63(9),114-121. PDF

Wallace, S., Treitman, R., Kumawat, N., Arpin, K., Huang, J., Sawyer, B.D., & Bylinskii, Z. (2020). Individual Differences in Font Preference & Effectiveness as Applied to Interlude Reading in the Digital Age. Journal of Vision, 20(11), 412-412. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Dobres, J., Chahine, N., & Reimer, B.  (2020). The Great Typography Bake-off: Comparing Legibility At-a-Glance. Ergonomics, 1-19. PDF

Canham, M., Sawyer, B.D. (2020) Neurosecurity: Human Brain Electro-optical Signals as MASINT. American Intelligence Journal, 36(2) 40-47. PDF

Kaplan, A. D., Cruit, J., Endsley, M., Beers, S. M., Sawyer, B.D., & Hancock, P. A.  (2020). The Effects of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality as Training Enhancement Methods: A Meta-Analysis. Human Factors. PDF

Skrypchuk, L., Langdon, P., Sawyer, B.D., & Clarkson, P. J.  (2020). Unconstrained Design: Improving Multitasking with In-Vehicle Information Systems through Enhanced Situation Awareness. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 1-37. PDF

Wolfe, B., Sawyer, B.D., Kosovicheva, A., Reimer, B., & Rosenholtz, R.  (2019). Detection of Brake Lights while Distracted: Separating Peripheral Vision from Cognitive Load. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 1-16. PDF

Li, S., Zhang, T., Sawyer, B.D., Zhang, W., & Hancock, P. A.  (2019). Angry Drivers take Risky Decisions: Evidence from Neurophysiological Assessment. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10), 1701. PDF

Krueger, E., Schneider, A., Sawyer, B.D., Chavaillaz, A., Sonderegger, A., Groner, R., & Hancock, P.  (2019). Microsaccades Distinguish Looking from Seeing. Journal of Eye Movement Research,12(6). PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Seaman, S., Angell, L., Dobres, J., Mehler, B., and Reimer, B.,  (2019). A Description of a Subtask Dataset with Glances. arXiv. (No. 1902-03239). PDF

Skrypchuk, L., Langdon, P., Sawyer, B.D., Mouzakitis, A., & Clarkson, P. J.  (2019). Enabling Multitasking by Designing for Situation Awareness within the Vehicle Environment. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 20(2), 105-128. PDF

Egwatu, C., Sawyer, B.D., & Hancock, P. A. (2019). Digital Influences on Sexual Discourse in Disabled Populations. Critical Disability Discourses/Discours Critiques Dans le Champ du Handicap, 9. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Hancock, P.A. (2018). Hacking the Human: The Prevalence Paradox in Cybersecurity. Human Factors, 60(5), 597-609. PDF

Rosenholtz, R., Wolfe, B., Sawyer, B. D., Kosovicheva, A. and Reimer, B., (2017) Perceptual and Attentional Factors in Detection of Driving-Relevant Visual Events. Journal of Vision, 17(10), 754-754 PDF

Lee, J.B., Sawyer, B.D., Mehler, B., Angell, L., Seppelt, B., Seaman, S., Fridman,L., Reimer, B.  (2017). Linking the Detection Response Task and the AttenD Algorithm through the Assessment of Human Machine Interface Workload. Transportation Research Record. (No. 17-06664) PDF

Jansen, R.J., Sawyer B.D., van Egmond, R., de Ridder, H. & P.A. Hancock  (2016). Hysteresis in Mental Workload and Task Performance: The Influence of Demand Transitions and Task Prioritization. Human Factors, 58(8), 1143-1157. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Finomore, V. S., Funke, G., Warm, J. S., Matthews, G, Hancock, P. A. (2016). Cyber Vigilance: The Human Factor. American Intelligence Journal, 32(2), 157-165. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Karwowski, W., Xanthopoulos, P., & Hancock, P. A.  (2016). Detection of Error-Related Negativity in Complex Visual Stimuli: A New Neuroergonomic Arrow in the Practitioner’s Quiver. Ergonomics, 1-7. PDF

Hancock, P. A., Sawyer B.D. (2015). Judging Thieves of Attention: Commentary on “Assessing Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile,” by Strayer, Turrill, Cooper, Coleman, Medeiros-Ward, and Biondi (2015). Human Factors 57(8) 1339-1342. PDF

Hancock, P. A., Hancock, G., Sawyer, B.D. (2015). Cybernomics and the Implications of Cyber-Deception. The Ergonomist, 537, 12-14. PDF

Hancock, P. A., Sawyer, B.D., & Stafford, S.  (2015). The Effects of Display Size on Performance. Ergonomics, 58(3), 337-354. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Finomore, V. S., Calvo, A. A., & Hancock, P. A. (2014). Google Glass: A Driver Distraction Cause or Cure?. Human Factors, 56(7), 1307-1321. PDF

Blalock, L. D., Sawyer, B.D., Kiken, A., Gutzwiller, R. S., McGrill, C. L., & Clegg, B. A. (2014). Cognitive Load while Driving Impairs Memory of Moving but Not Stationary Elements within the Environment. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 3(2), 95-100. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., & Hancock, P. A. (2012). Assisted Entry Mitigates Text Messaging Based Driving Detriment. Work, 41(2012), 4279–4282. PDF

Cleary, A. M., Brown, A. S., Sawyer, B.D., Nomi, J. S., Ajoku, A. C., & Ryals, A. J.  (2012). Familiarity from the Configuration of Objects in 3-Dimensional Space and its Relation to Déjà Vu: A Virtual Reality Investigation. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(2), 969–975. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Hancock, P. A., Deaton, J., & Suedfeld, P.  (2012). Finding the Team for Mars: A Psychological and Human Factors Analysis of a Mars Desert Research Station Crew. Work, 41(2012), 5481–5484. PDF

Sawyer, B.S, Teo, G., & Mouloua, M. (2012). DriveID: Safety Innovation through Individuation. Work, 41(2012), 4273–4278. PDF

Ledbetter, J. L., Boyce, M. W., Fekety, D. K., Sawyer, B.S, & Smither, J. A.  (2012). Examining the Impact of Age and Multitasking on Motorcycle Conspicuity. Work, 41, 5384-5385. PDF

Rashid, M. M., Atilgan, N., Palmén, H., Dobres, J., Berlow, S. M., Küçük, M. & Sawyer, B. D. (2024). Light or Bold? Navigating Font Weights and Grades for Enhanced Readability. Journal of Vision, 24(10), 1032-1032. PDF

Atilgan, N., Dobres, J., Rashid, M. M., Berlow, S. M. & Sawyer, B. D. (2024). Typeface Matters: Psychophysical Insights into Readability Across Different Reading Tasks. Journal of Vision, 24(10), 1215-1215, 0(0). PDF

Rashid, M. M., Atilgan, N., Dobres, J., Day, S., Penkova, V., Küçük, M., Clapp, S. R., & Sawyer, B. D. (2024). Humanizing AI in Education: A Readability Comparison of LLM and Human-Created Educational Content. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 0(0). PDF

Azzarello, C., Miller, D., Sawyer, B.D. & Lewis, J., (2023). Format Readability Enhancing in Basic Mathematical Operations. In Human Factors & Ergonomics Society Proceedings Publications. PDF

Miller, D. B., Sawyer, B. D., Intriligator, J., & Bland, B. (2023). Social Robots in Constructive Conflicts. In Social Robots in Social Institutions (pp. 399-405). IOS Press. PDF

Cai, T., Wallace, S., Rezvanian, T., Dobres, J., Kerr, B., Berlow, S., Huang, J., Sawyer, B.D. & Bylinskii, Z., (2022). Personalized Font Recommendations: Combining ML and Typographic Guidelines to Optimize Readability. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference (pp. 1-25). PDF

Guzmán, B., Deresky, S., Taylor, S., Wimmer, H., Momen, A., Tossell, C., Boyce, M., Cartwright, J., Amburn, C. & Sawyer, B., (2022). Evaluating Mixed Reality and Tablet Technologies in Military Planning. In 2022 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS) (pp. 310-314). IEEE. PDF

Ball, R. V., Miller, D. B., Wallace, S., Macias, K. C., Ibrahim, M., Gonzaga, E. R., … & Sawyer, B. D. (2021). Optimizing Electronic Health Records Through Readability. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care (Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 65-70). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. PDF

Wallace, S., Dobres, J., & Sawyer, B. D. (2021). Considering the Speed and Comprehension Trade-Off in Reading Mediated by Typography. Journal of Vision, 21(9), 2249-2249. PDF

Fiok, K., Karwowski, W., Gutierrez, E., Saeidi, M., Aljuaid, A. M., Davahli, M. R., … & Sawyer, B. D. (2021). A Study of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Experience of Back Pain Reported on Twitter® in the United States: A Natural Language Processing Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4543. PDF

Rantanen, E. M., Lee, J. D., Darveau, K., Miller, D. B.*, Intriligator, J., & Sawyer, B. D. (2021). Ethics Education of Human Factors Engineers for Responsible AI Development. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 1034-1038). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. PDF

Hannon, D., Sawyer, B. D., Hughes, A. M., Darveau, K., O’Donnell, R., Intriligator, J., & Lee, J. (2021). The Education of the Human Factors Engineer in the Age of Data Science. A Human Factors Engineering Education Perspective on Data Science, Machine Learning and Automation. Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. PDF

Crooks , C., McNeil , T., Sawyer , B., Canham , M., & Muchlinski , D. (2020) Understanding Online Information Operations: Development of an Influence Network for Scientific Inquiry Testing Environment (INSITE). 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), 2020, pp. 4318-4324 (DOI: 10.1109/BigData50022.2020.9378279). PDF

Hernandez, C. I., Rahill, K., Pham, M., Manriquez, L., Louis, P., Figueroa, A., … & Sawyer, B. D. (2020). Driving Hazard Detection on the Road Does Not Reveal the Prevalence Effect. Journal of Vision, 20(11), 1692-1692. PDF

Wallace, S., Treitman, R., Kumawat, N., Arpin, K., Huang, J., Sawyer, B., & Bylinskii, Z. (2020). Towards Readability Individuation: The Right Changes to Text Format make Large Impacts on Reading Speed. Journal of Vision, 20(10), 17-17. PDF

Wallace, S., Treitman, R., Huang, J., Sawyer, B. D., & Bylinskii, Z. (2020) Accelerating Adult Readers with Typeface: A Study of Individual Preferences and Effectiveness. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts (pp. 1-9). PDF

Hancock, P. A., Hancock, G., Sellen, A., Lee, J., Sawyer, B., Sheridan, T., … & Sanderson, P. (2019). The Life and Legacy of Professor John Senders. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 63(1), 577-581. Seattle, WA. PDF

Hannon, D., Rantanen, E., Sawyer, B., Ptucha, R., Hughes, A., Darveau, K., & Lee, J. D. (2019). A Human Factors Engineering Education Perspective on Data Science, Machine Learning and Automation. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 63(1), 488-492. Seattle, WA. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., Karwowski, W., Xanthopoulos, P., & Hancock, P. A. (2019). Applied Potential: Neuroergonomic Error Detection in Single Electrode Electroencephalography. Presentation at Neuroergonomics, Paris, France. PDF

Mehler, B., Sawyer, B. D. & Reimer, B. (2019). An Applied Driving Evaluation of Electrodermal Potential as a Measurement of Attentional State. Presentation at Neuroergonomics, Paris, France. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., Karwowski, W., Xanthopoulos, P. & Hancock P. A., (2018). A Comparison of ERP Data Cleaning Strategies for Neuroergonomic Error Detection. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Neuroergonomics Conference’s Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. doi:10.3389/conf.fnhum (Vol. 4). PA: Philadelphia. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., Dobres, J., Mehler, B., & Reimer, B. (2017) The Cost of Cool: Typographic Style Legibility in Reading at a Glance. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. Austin TX. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Seppalt, B., Mehler, B., & Reimer, B. (2017). Trust Impacts Driver Glance Strategy in Multitasking. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 61(1), 1441–1442. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Mehler, B. & Reimer, B. (2017). Toward an Antiphony Framework for Dividing Tasks into Subtasks. Proceedings of the Ninth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design. PDF

Geitner, C., Sawyer, B.D., Birrell, S., Jennings, P., Skrypchuk, L.,Mehler, B. & Reimer, B. (2017). A Link Between Trust in Technology and Glance Allocation in On-Road Driving. Proceedings of the Ninth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., Lee, J., Dobres, J., Mehler, B., Coughlin, J. F., & Reimer, B. (2016). Effects of a Voice Interface on Mirror Check Decrements in Older and Younger Multitasking Drivers. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60(1), 95-100. Washington DC. PDF

Greenlee, E. T., Funke, G. J., Warm, J. S., Sawyer, B. D., Finomore, V. S., Mancuso, V. F. & Matthews, G. (2016). Stress and Workload Profiles of Network Analysis: Not all Tasks are Created Equal. Advances in Human Factors in Cybersecurity, 153. PDF

Gutzwiller, G.S., Fugate, S., Sawyer, B. D., & Hancock, P. A. (2015). The Human Factors of Cyber Network Defense. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 59(1), 322-326. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., Finomore, V. S., Funke, G., Mancuso, V., Warm, J. S., & Hancock, P. A. (2015). Evaluating Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities with the Email Test-Bed: Effects of Training. Proceedings of the 19th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, 9, 14. Melbourne, Australia. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., Calvo, A., Finomore, V.S., & Hancock, P. A. (2015). Serendipity in Simulation: Building Environmentally Valid Driving Distraction Evaluations of Google Glass and an Android Smartphone. Proceedings of the 19th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, 9, 14. Melbourne, Australia. PDF

Hancock, G.,& Sawyer, B. D. (2015). A Heuristic-Based Re-Evaluation of the IBM Academic Initiative Project Interface. Proceedings of the 19th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, 9, 14. Melbourne, Australia. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., Finomore, V. S., Funke, G., & Warm, J. S. (2014). Cyber Vigilance: Effects of Signal Probability and Event Rate. Proceedings of the 2014 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 58(1), 1771-1775. Chicago, IL. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., & Hancock, P. A. (2014). An Evaluation of Drivers using an Ignition Interlock Breath Test while Driving. Proceedings of the 2014 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 58(1), 2098-2101. Chicago, IL. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., & Hancock, P. A. (2013). Performance Degradation Due to Automation in Texting while Driving. Proceedings of the 7th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driving Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, No. 68, 446-452. Bolten, NY. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., & Hancock, P. A. (2012). Development of a Linked Simulation Network to Evaluate Intelligent Transportation System Vehicle to Vehicle Solutions. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 56(1), 2316-2320. PDF

Fok, A. W., Frischmann, T. B., Sawyer, B., Robin, M., & Mouloua, M. (2011). The Impact of GPS Interface Design on Driving and Distraction. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 55(1), 1755–1759. PDF

Blalock, L. D., Sawyer, B. D., Kiken, A., & Clegg, B. A. (2009). The Impact of Load on Dynamic Versus Static Situational Knowledge while Driving. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 53(18), 1338-1342. PDF

Sawyer, B.D., Miller, D.B., Canham, M., Karwowski, W. (2021). Human Factors and Ergonomics in Design of A³: Automation, Autonomy, and Artificial Intelligence. In Salvendy, G., Karwowski, W., (Eds.) Handbook of human factors and ergonomics 5th ed., New York: Wiley. PDF

Thurlow, D. A. and Sawyer, B. D. (2019). Who Wants an Automated Vehicle? In Lum, H. C. (Eds.) Critical Issues Impacting Science, Technology, Society (STS), and Our Future (171-196), Hershey, PA: IGI Global. PDF

Sawyer, B. D., Karwowski, W., Xanthopoulos, P. and Hancock, P. A. (2018). Applied Potential: Neuroergonomic Error Detection in Single Electrode Electroencephalography in R. Parasuraman & C. Mitchell (Eds.), Neuroergonomics, Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. PDF

Mehler, B., Sawyer, B. D. & Reimer, B. (2018). An Applied Driving Evaluation of Electrodermal Potential as a Measurement of Attentional State. in R. Parasuraman & C. Mitchell (Eds.), Neuroergonomics, Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. PDF